d <- dist(x) # Compute distances between observations
hc <- hclust(d) # Form hierarchical clusters
clust <- cutree(hc, k=
n
) # Organize them into the n largest clusters
计算结果clust是1和
n
之间的一个整数向量,每个整数值对应x中的一个观测值。
它给出该观测值所属的类别。
13.6.3 讨论
dist函数计算所有观测值之间的距离。默认为欧几里得距离,适用于许多应用,但也
可以使用其他距离测量。
hclust函数使用这些距离,将观察结果形成层次聚类树。你可以绘制hclust的输出
结果,来可视化这个层次聚类树,也被称为
树状图
,如图13-2 所示。
最后,cutree从该树中提取聚类。你需要指定所需的聚类个数或树的切割高度。通常
聚类的数量是未知的,在这种情况下 ...
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