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R 语言经典实例(原书第 2 版)
book

R 语言经典实例(原书第 2 版)

by J.D. Long, Paul Teetor
June 2020
Beginner to intermediate
522 pages
9h 6m
Chinese
China Machine Press
Content preview from R 语言经典实例(原书第 2 版)
高级数值分析和统计方法
393
于函数 optim 而言,它没有参数指明搜索的下界和上界,仅仅需要提供一
个搜索的起点。对起点的一个好的猜测意味着最优化算法的加快。
optim 函数支持多种不同的最小化算法,你可以在它们中进行选择。如果默认算法无效,
请参阅帮助页面以了解备选方案。多变量最小化的典型问题是算法陷入局部最小值,并
且未能找到更深层次的全局最小值。一般来说,功能越强大的算法越容易给出全局最小
值。然而,有一个权衡:它们往往运行得更慢。
13.2.4 另请参阅
R 社区已经实现了许多优化工具。请参阅 CRAN 任务视图中的“ Optimization and
Mathematical Programming”(
http://cran.r-project.org/web/views/Optimization.html
)以获
取更多解决方案。
13.3 计算特征值和特征向量
13.3.1 问题
需要计算矩阵的特征值或特征向量。
13.3.2 解决方案
使用函数 eigen。它返回一个包含两个元素的列表,这两个元素分别是 values
vectors,它们分别表示矩阵的特征值和特征向量。
13.3.3 讨论
假设有一个矩阵,如 Fibonacci 矩阵:
fibmat <- matrix(c(0, 1, 1, 1), 2, 2)
fibmat
#> [,1] [,2]
#> [1,] 0 1
#> [2,] 1 1
对于给定矩阵,函数 eigen 将返回其特征值和特征向量的列表:
eigen(fibmat)
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ISBN: 9787111656814