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R 语言经典实例(原书第 2 版)
book

R 语言经典实例(原书第 2 版)

by J.D. Long, Paul Teetor
June 2020
Beginner to intermediate
522 pages
9h 6m
Chinese
China Machine Press
Content preview from R 语言经典实例(原书第 2 版)
134
5
4 5
5 7
6 9
以下是你在 R 控制台中看到的内容:
(1:6) + (1:3)
#> [1] 2 4 6 5 7 9
不仅向量操作能调用循环规则,函数也可以。cbind 函数可以创建列向量,例如以下的
列向量 1
6 1
3。当然,这两列有不同的高度:
cbind(1:6)
cbind(1:3)
如果我们尝试将这些列向量连接起来变成一个有两列的矩阵,那么它们的长度是不匹配
的。由于向量 1
3 太短,因此 cbind 函数调用循环规则并循环应用 1
3 的元素:
cbind(1:6, 1:3)
#> [,1] [,2]
#> [1,] 1 1
#> [2,] 2 2
#> [3,] 3 3
#> [4,] 4 1
#> [5,] 5 2
#> [6,] 6 3
如果较长的向量长度不是较短向量长度的倍数,则 R 会发出警告。由于这种操作很值得
怀疑,并且运算逻辑中可能有漏洞,所以给出警告是个好现象:
(1:6) + (1:5) # Oops! 1:5 is one element too short
#> Warning in (1:6) + (1:5): longer object length is not a multiple of shorter
#> object length
#> [1] 2 4 6 8 10 7
一旦理解了循环规则,你就会意识到向量和纯量之间的操作只是该规则的应用。在此示
例中,重复循环 10 直到向量加法完成:
(1:6) + 10
#> [1] 11 12 13 ...
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Publisher Resources

ISBN: 9787111656814