June 2020
Beginner to intermediate
522 pages
9h 6m
Chinese
Content preview from R 语言经典实例（原书第 2 版）
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204
第 8 章
概率
概率论是统计学的基础，而 R 有许多用于处理概率、概率分布以及随机变量的机制。本
章中的方法向你展示怎样从分位数计算概率，从概率计算分位数，生成给定分布的随机
变量，绘制分布图等。
分布的名称
R 对每个概率分布都有一个简称。这个名称用于识别与分布相关的函数。例如，正态分
布的名称是“norm ”，它是表 8-1 中的函数名称的词根。
表 8-1：正态分布函数
函数名 目的
dnorm
正态概率密度
pnorm
正态分布函数
qnorm
正态分位数函数
rnorm
正态分布的随机数
表 8-2 描述了一些常见的离散分布，表 8-3 描述了几个常见的连续分布。
表 8-2：离散分布
离散分布名称 R 函数 参数
二项分布
binom
n：
试验次数
。p：
一次试验中事件成功的概率
几何分布
geom
p：
一次试验中事件成功的概率
超几何分布
hyper
m：
瓮中白球个数
。n：
瓮中黑球个数
。k：
从瓮中抽取的球的个数
负二项分布
nbinom
size：
成功的试验个数
。prob：
成功试验概率
。mu：
均值
泊松分布
pois
lambda：
均值
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