与x*u + x*v + ... + x*w相同(等同于x + u + v + ... + w + x:u +
x:v + ... + x:w)
x:(u + v + ... + w)
等同于x:u + x:v + ... + x:w
所有这些语法在你编写公式时给予了一些灵活性。例如,以下三个公式是等价的:
y ~ u * v
y ~ u + v + u:v
y ~ (u + v) ^ 2
它们都定义了相同的回归方程,
y
i
=
β
0
+
β
1
u
i
+
β
1
v
i
+
β
3
u
i
v
i
+
ε
i
。
11.7.4 另请参阅
公式的完整语法比此处描述的更丰富。有关详细信息,请参阅
R in a Nutshell
或“R语
言定义”(
http:bit.ly/2XLiQgX
)。
11.8 选择最合适的回归变量
11.8.1 问题
正在创建一个新的回归模型,或改进现有模型。你有许多回归变量,并需要选择这些变
量的最佳子集。
11.8.2 解决方案
函数step可以执行前向或后向逐步回归。后向逐步回归开始时有许多变量,然后移除
无意义的变量:
full.model <- lm(y ~ x1 + x2 + x3 + x4)
reduced.model <- step(full.model, direction ...
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