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R 语言经典实例(原书第 2 版)
book

R 语言经典实例(原书第 2 版)

by J.D. Long, Paul Teetor
June 2020
Beginner to intermediate
522 pages
9h 6m
Chinese
China Machine Press
Content preview from R 语言经典实例(原书第 2 版)
统计概论
229
9.4.3 讨论
此示例对 9.3 节中的列联表执行卡方检验,得到的
p
值为 0.2
summary(table(initial, outcome))
#> Number of cases in table: 100
#> Number of factors: 2
#> Test for independence of all factors:
#> Chisq = 3, df = 2, p-value = 0.2
大的
p
值表明 initial outcome 这两个因子可能是独立的。实践中,我们说这两
个变量之间没有联系。这是有道理的,因为这个示例数据是通过使用先前方法中的函数
sample 简单地抽取随机数据来创建的。
9.4.4 另请参阅
chisq.test 函数也可以执行此检验。
9.5 计算数据集的百分位数(和四分位数)
9.5.1 问题
给定分数
f
,你想知道数据相应的百分位数。也就是说,你寻找观测值
x
,使得小于
x
观测值的比例为
f
9.5.2 解决方案
使用函数 quantile。第二个参数是分数
f
quantile(vec, 0.95)
#> 95%
#> 1.43
对于四分位数,可以省略第二个参数:
quantile(vec)
#> 0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
#> -2.0247 -0.5915 -0.0693 0.4618 2.7019
9.5.3 讨论
假设 vec 0 1 之间包含 1000 个观测值。函数 quantile 可以告诉你哪个观测值为
数据的下 ...
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Publisher Resources

ISBN: 9787111656814