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R 语言经典实例(原书第 2 版)
book

R 语言经典实例(原书第 2 版)

by J.D. Long, Paul Teetor
June 2020
Beginner to intermediate
522 pages
9h 6m
Chinese
China Machine Press
Content preview from R 语言经典实例(原书第 2 版)
350
11
默认情况下,predict 使用 0.95 的置信度。你可以通过 level 参数来改变它。
注意,这些预测区间对偏离正态是非常敏感的。如果你怀疑响应变量不是正态分布的,
请考虑非参数方法,例如 Bootstrap 程序(参见 13.8 节)计算预测区间。
11.21 执行单因素方差分析
11.21.1 问题
将数据分为几组,每组数据都是正态分布的,想知道这些组是否具有显著不同的均值。
11.21.2 解决方案
使用因子来定义组。然后应用 oneway.test 函数:
oneway.test(x ~ f)
这里,x 是一个数值向量,f 是定义组的一个因子。输出结果包括
p
值。按照惯例,
p
小于 0.05 表示两个或更多个组具有显著不同的平均值,而超过 0.05 的值不提供这样的
证据。
11.21.3 讨论
比较组的均值是一项常见的任务。单因素方差分析执行该比较,并计算它们在统计上相
同的概率。较小的
p
值表示两个或多个组可能具有不同的平均值。(这并不表示所有组都
有不同的均值。)
基本的方差分析检验假设数据服从正态分布,或者至少它非常接近钟形分布。如果没
有,请改用 Kruskal-Wallis 检验(参见 11.24 )。
我们可以用股票市场历史数据来说明方差分析。股票市场在某些月份比其他月份有更多
盈利吗?例如,一个普通的民间谣传说,10 月对于股市投资者来说是糟糕的一个月
3
我们通过创建一个数据框 GSPC_df 来探讨这个问题,包含一个向量和一个因子。向
r 包含标准普尔
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Publisher Resources

ISBN: 9787111656814