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R 语言经典实例(原书第 2 版)
book

R 语言经典实例(原书第 2 版)

by J.D. Long, Paul Teetor
June 2020
Beginner to intermediate
522 pages
9h 6m
Chinese
China Machine Press
Content preview from R 语言经典实例(原书第 2 版)
数据结构
131
永远不要进行部分匹配:如果你想要一个 tibble 的列,你必须使用它的全名来访问它。
通过向你提供更多警告和消息来确保你了解软件正在执行的操作。
所有这些附加功能旨在减少出现的错误。
5.1 对向量添加数据
5.1.1 问题
你需要对向量添加额外的数据项。
5.1.2 解决方案
使用向量构造函数(c)构造带有额外数据项的向量:
v <- c(1, 2, 3)
newItems <- c(6, 7, 8)
c(v, newItems)
#> [1] 1 2 3 6 7 8
对于单个数据项,你也可以将新数据项赋给下一个向量元素。R 软件会自动扩充向量:
v <- c(1, 2, 3)
v[length(v) + 1] <- 42
v
#> [1] 1 2 3 42
5.1.3 讨论
如果你询问我们将如何附加一个数据项到一个向量,我们会建议你也许不必这样做。
当你考虑整个向量而不是单个数据项时,R 软件会最大限度地发挥作用。你
是否反复不断地将数据项附加到一个向量?如果是这样,那么你可能在一个
循环中工作。对于小的向量,这不成问题;但对于大的向量,程序将运行
缓慢。当你反复用一个元素扩展向量时,R 软件的内存管理将会出现问题。
尝试用向量化操作替换循环。你将编写更少的代码,并且 R 软件将运行得
更快。
然而,人们偶尔需要将数据添加到向量。我们的实验表明,它可以通过使用向量构造函
数( c)创建一个新向量来连接旧数据和新数据。这是最有效率的方法。对于添加单个
元素或多个元素,这个方法都十分奏效:
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Publisher Resources

ISBN: 9787111656814