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R 语言经典实例(原书第 2 版)
book

R 语言经典实例(原书第 2 版)

by J.D. Long, Paul Teetor
June 2020
Beginner to intermediate
522 pages
9h 6m
Chinese
China Machine Press
Content preview from R 语言经典实例(原书第 2 版)
240
9
#>
#> data: as.factor(s)
#> Standard Normal = -2, p-value = 0.02
#> alternative hypothesis: two.sided
9.14.4 另请参阅
参见 5.4 节和 8.6 节。
9.15 比较两个样本的均值
9.15.1 问题
你有分别来自两个总体的样本。你想知道这两个总体是否可以有相同的均值。
9.15.2 解决方案
通过调用 t.test 函数执行
t
检验:
t.test(
x
,
y
)
默认情况下,t.test 假定数据不是配对数据。如果观测值是成对的(即,如果每个
x
i
与一个
y
i
配对),则指定 paired=TRUE
t.test(
x
,
y
, paired = TRUE)
在任何一种情况下,t.test 都会计算一个
p
值。通常,如果
p
< 0.05,那么均值可能
是不同的,而
p
> 0.05 则没有提供这样的证据:
如果其中一个样本量较小,则总体必须正态分布。这里,“较小”意味着少于 20
数据点。
如果两个总体具有相同的方差,请指定 var.equal=TRUE 以获得较低的保守性检
验(即更有效的检验)。
9.15.3 讨论
我们经常使用
t
检验来快速检验两个总体之间是否存在差异。它要求样本足够大(即,
两个样本都具有 20 个或更多个观测值)或者其所在的总体是正态分布的。我们不希望
“正态分布”这个词让你望文生义。生成钟形的、对称的图形就足够好了。
这里的一个关键区别是数据是否包含配对观测值,因为这两种情况的结果可能不同。假 ...
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Publisher Resources

ISBN: 9787111656814