March 2023
Intermediate
240 pages
7h 3m
Japanese
Content preview from 図解まるわかり 電池のしくみ
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16
化学電池、物理電池、生物電池
1-2
電池の原理から分類する
電池を原理で分類する
日常生活の中にあふれている電池には、非常に多くの種類があります。
これらを分類することで、電池の個性や役割が見えてくるでしょう。
まずは電池の原理から分類してみると、化学反応で電気を作る化学電
池、光や熱など物理的エネルギーから電気を作る物理電池、そして生物機
能を利用した生物電池があります（図1-3）。
化学反応で電気を作る電池
化学反応とは、ある物質が他の物質に変化する反応のことであり、私た
ちにとって、なじみ深い乾電池やスマートフォンのバッテリーなど、多く
の電池が化学電池です。
化学電池には放電してしまうと再利用できない一次電池、充電すれば何
度でも使える二次電池、化学反応を起こす物質（燃料）を供給すれば電気
を作ることができる燃料電池の3 種類に分けられます。つまり化学電池
は、使い捨てか、繰り返し使えるかどうかで分類されています。
光や
熱、生物機能からも電池が作れる
物理エネルギーとは光や熱などのエネルギーのことです。物理電池に
は、光エネルギーを受けて電池を作る太陽電池、熱エネルギーから電気を
作る熱起電力電池（熱電池）、原子力エネルギーから電気を作る原子力電
池があります。このように物理電池は、どんな物理的エネルギーから電気
を作るかで分類されています。
その他酵素や葉緑素などの生体触媒や微生物の酸化還元反応を利用して
電気を作る生物電池（バイオ電池）もあります。
一般的に化学電池が電池と呼ばれることが多く、物理電池と生物電池を ...
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