March 2023
Intermediate
240 pages
7h 3m
Japanese
Content preview from 図解まるわかり 電池のしくみ
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224
電気自動車、ゼロエミッション電源、エネルギー構造
7-3
日本のエネルギー構造を
変える電気自動車
急速に広がる電気自動車
エジソンの電気自動車発明（3-10）から約120 年が過ぎ、一度は忘れ
さられた電気自動車（EV）の普及が急速に進んでいます。すでにイギリ
スや欧州、インドでは2030 年からガソリン・ディーゼル車の販売停止が
決定しています。アメリカでも一部の州では2035 年からの販売禁止が決
まり、他の州もこれに続くと予想されます。日本でも 2035年にガソリン
車の新車販売終了が決定しており、特に東京都内では乗用車のみ、いち早
く2030 年からガソリン車禁止となる予定です。
電気自動車の普及の意義
世界中で電気自動車へと加速する理由は、まず二酸化炭素を排出しない
からです。また車載用の二次電池を充電する電源も、二酸化炭素を排出し
ない再生可能エネルギーを使えば（ゼロエミッション電源）、自動車をめ
ぐる二酸化炭素の排出がすべてゼロになります。
日本における二酸化炭素排出量のうち、自動車を含む運輸部門が17.7
％を占めることから、これは大きなインパクトになります（図 7-5）。エ
ネルギーの自給率の問題や過剰な石油依存の現状打破に役立ち、2050 年
のカーボンニュートラルの実現を進め、日本のエネルギー構造を大きく変
えることが期待できます。
二次電池としても活用できる電気自動車
車載用の二次電池は、余った電気をためておき、電力不足のときや災害
時に利用することができます。電気をためる役割しか持たない高額な二次 ...
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