March 2023
Intermediate
240 pages
7h 3m
Japanese
Content preview from 図解まるわかり 電池のしくみ
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90
バッテリーの種類
ペースト式、クラッド式、メモリー効果
3-5
大きな電流を流す鉛蓄電池
鉛蓄電池は、使用目的によって電極板の内部構造が異なり、電池の用途
によって使い分けられています。その1 つが、自動車用に最も用いられて
いるペースト式（エンジン始動用バッテリー、スターターバッテリー）
で、車のエンジンを始動させるなど、瞬時に大きな電気を流す目的に使わ
れます（図3-9）。
その構造は、鉛や鉛合金で作った電極で格子状の骨組みを作り、そこに
鉛粉末など活物質をペースト状に塗りつけたものです。格子状の骨組みは
集電体の役割をし、活物質は電解液に触れる表面積が大きいため、一度に
大きな反応を起こし、大きな電気を流すことが可能なのです。ペースト式
の電極版は、正極および負極で用いられています。
ずっと電流を流し続ける鉛蓄電池
これに対してクラッド式（EBバッテリー、ディープサイクルバッテリ
ー）の電極は、正極のみで用いられています（図3-10）。その構造は、ガ
ラス繊維製のチューブに集電体の鉛合金の芯を通して、その間に活物質を
詰め込んだものになります。振動や衝撃に強く、工場のフォークリフトや
非常用のバックアップ電源、ゴルフ場のカートなどにも使われています。
鉛蓄電池が長く使われている理由
鉛蓄電池が長く使われている理由の1 つに、電極に使われている鉛が安
価であることにあります。その他メンテナンスが簡単で、メモリー効果
（3-9）がないことも大きな理由です。このメモリー効果とは、電池の容
量が残っている状態で、継ぎ足し充電を繰り返していると、いくら充電し ...
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