March 2023
Intermediate
240 pages
7h 3m
Japanese
Content preview from 図解まるわかり 電池のしくみ
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112
NAS電池、βアルミナ、溶融塩二次電池
3-16
大きなエネルギーをためる
二次電池
大きな電気を貯蔵できる二次電池
N
ナス
AS電池（ナトリウム硫黄電池）は、1967 年にアメリカで電気自動車
の動力源として原理が発表され、2003 年に日本で量産化に成功しました
（図3-31）。NAS電池は、エネルギー密度が高く、数十万キロワットの大
きな電気を安定して貯蔵できます。また電極材料のコストが小さく、完全
密閉型で排ガス・騒音もなく、しかも保持が容易と理想的な電池です。大
型化が簡単なこともあり、工場など電力の効率化や非常用電源、風力発電
などの再生可能エネルギーの電力安定化などで大活躍しています。
電解質に溶融塩を使用
電池の電解質として、硫酸や水酸化カリウムなど、水を使った電解質の
場合、充電末期や過放電になると水の電気分解が起こり、ガスの発生によ
る電解質の漏れや電池の劣化は避けられないものです（3-6）。そこで固
体でもイオンを通す固体電解質や溶融塩電解質が試みられてきました。こ
こでいう溶融塩とは、陽イオンと陰イオンが結合した化合物に熱を加えて
溶融させたもので、高いイオン伝導率となります。
NAS電池では、電解質にβアルミナと呼ばれる固体電解質を、高温で溶
解塩として用いています。そのため溶融塩二次電池であり、また熱を加え
ることから熱電池の一種といえます（2-21）。
NAS電池は約 300度の高温で運転するため、負極活物質の金属ナトリウ
ム（融点：約98 度）と正極活物質の硫黄（融点：約115 ...
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