March 2023
Intermediate
240 pages
7h 3m
Japanese
Content preview from 図解まるわかり 電池のしくみ
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44
パワーがあり長持ちする、
現在最も普及している電池
アルカリ乾電池、水酸化カリウム、亜鉛の粉末
2-4
アルカリ性の乾電池？
アルカリ乾電池は、現在最も普及している一次電池で、正式にはアルカ
リ・マンガン電池といいます。1964年から国内生産が始まり、その名の
通り、マンガン乾電池に似ていて、負極活物質に亜鉛、正極活物質に二酸
化マンガン、公称電圧も同じ1.5Vです。しかしアルカリ乾電池の方がマ
ンガン乾電池よりも電気容量が約2 倍大きく、長持ちするため、シェーバ
ーや懐中電灯など、大きな電力を使う機器に適しています。また電解質に
電導性の高く反応が進みやすい強アルカリ性の水酸化カリウム水溶液が使
われており、これが名前の由来です。内側に負極活物質、外側に正極活物
質とマンガン乾電池のインサイドアウトの構造となっています（図2-9）。
亜鉛粉末でパワーアップ
負極活物質には、亜鉛の粉末に水素の発生を防ぐ減極剤を混ぜてゲル状
にしたものを用いています。このためセパレータに染み込ませた電解質と
化学反応を起こす接触面積が大きくなって反応効率が上昇し、より大きな
電気を集めることができるようになりました。
負極では図2-10に示す化学式のように亜鉛が強アルカリに溶けて、電
子を放出して酸化反応が起こります。負極活物質の亜鉛が電極を兼ねてい
ないため、負極の集電体として炭素棒などが差し込まれています。セパレ
ータの外側には、正極活物質の二酸化マンガン粉末と電気がよく通るよう
に炭素粉末などが混ざったものが入っています。 ...
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