March 2023
Intermediate
240 pages
7h 3m
Japanese
Content preview from 図解まるわかり 電池のしくみ
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70
ニッケル乾電池、オキシ水素化ニッケル、初期電圧
2-17
アルカリ乾電池よりも
17倍長持ちする電池
発売当初はアルカリ乾電池より長持ち
ニッケル乾電池は、2002 年当時のアルカリ乾電池の改良品として登場
しました。デジタルカメラなど高電流が必要なデジタル機器の使用時で
は、常温で当時のアルカリ乾電池より約5 倍（単3 形4 個使用時）、アルカ
リ乾電池で問題とされる低温下（気温0度）では、アルカリ乾電池の約
17 倍長持ちする次世代の電池として注目を集めたのです（図 2-36）。
アルカリ乾電池によく似た構造
その構造は、アルカリ乾電池の正極の二酸化マンガンを、オキシ水素化
ニッケル（NiOOH）に代えたものに相当しました（図2-37）。負極活物質
は亜鉛、正極活物質はオキシ水素化ニッケル、電解質は水酸化カリウムで
す。
負極では亜鉛の酸化反応が起こります。正極はニッケルの+3価から+2
価へ還元反応が起こります。
負極：Zn+2OH
→ZnO+H
2
O+2e
正極：NiOOH+H
2
O+e
→Ni（OH）
2
+OH
アルカリ乾電池との交換性に問題あり
ニッケル乾電池の公称電圧1.5Vでアルカリ乾電池と同じでしたが、初
期電圧は1.7Vとアルカリ乾電池の1.6Vより高く、機器によっては発熱、
動作不良、故障するなどが発生する場合がありました。
こうして活躍の場を失ったニッケル乾電池は、2007 年に製造中止とな
りました。
71
17
Point
2002 年の発売当初、ニッケル乾電池はアルカリ乾電池よりも特に低温 ...
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