March 2023
Intermediate
240 pages
7h 3m
Japanese
Content preview from 図解まるわかり 電池のしくみ
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34
ガスナーの乾電池、屋井先蔵
液漏れのしない
「乾いた」 電池の誕生
1-11
特許を取得した、公的には世界初の乾電池
ドイツの医師で発明家であったカール・ガスナーは電解液に石こうの粉
末を混ぜてペースト状にして、それまでのように横にしても液漏れがしな
い乾電池を発明しました（図1-24）。ガスナーの乾電池は、1888 年にドイ
ツで特許を取得したため、公的には世界初の乾電池となります。また同時
期にデンマークの発明家ウィルヘルム・ヘレセンスも乾電池を発明してい
ます。
彼らが発明した電池はルクランシェ電池を基本としています。まず負極
を兼ねた亜鉛缶を容器として、その中に二酸化マンガン粉末と石こう粉末
を混ぜてペースト状にしました。そこに電気を通すために炭素粉末を加え
て、中心には正極となる炭素棒を入れたのです。
世界発の乾電池を発明した日本人？
実は、ガスナーやヘレセンスに先駆けて乾電池を発明した日本人がいま
した。実業家で発明家でもあった屋
や
井
い
先
さき
蔵
ぞう
は、1885 年に屋井乾電池合資
会社を設立し、電池で正確に動く「連続電気時計」を発明しています。屋
井がこのとき使用した電池には、正極の炭素棒の非常に小さな穴から電解
液が漏れて腐食するという問題がありました。
そこで屋井は苦労を重ねてついに1887 年、パラフィンでその穴をふさ
ぐ方法で問題を解決することに成功します。こうしてガスナーらの発明し
たものより性能のよい、世界初の乾電池となる「屋井乾電池」を発明した
のです（図1-25）。しかし特許取得が
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I'm always learning. So when I got on to O'Reilly, I was like a kid in a candy store. There are playlists. There are answers. There's on-demand training. It's worth its weight in gold, in terms of what it allows me to do.