March 2023
Intermediate
240 pages
7h 3m
Japanese
Content preview from 図解まるわかり 電池のしくみ
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222
カーボンニュートラル、1.5度、温室効果ガス
7-2
二酸化炭素排出量を
ゼロにせよ！
世界の平均気温の上昇を1.5度以内に！
近年、メディアなどでよく見聞きするカーボンニュートラルとは、気候
変動に関する政府間パネル（IPCC）が 2018年に公開した「IPCC1.5 ℃特
別報告書」から始まりました。
この中で、2016 年パリ協定の長期的な削減目標にもとづいて「産業革
命以降の平均気温の上昇を1.5度以内におさえるため、2050 年近辺まで
のカーボンニュートラルが必要」と示唆されたのでした。これを受けて日
本を含む120 以上の国と地域が「2050 年カーボンニュートラル」を表明
しています（図7-3）。
「炭素を中立化する」とは？
日本政府が目指すカーボンニュートラルとは、二酸化炭素（CO
2
）だけ
でなくメタン（CH
4
）、一酸化窒素（N
2
O）、フロンガスを含む温室効果ガ
スの「排出を全体として正味ゼロとする」という意味です。つまり、排出
量から吸収量と除去量を差し引いた合計をゼロにする」ことを目指してい
るのです。
どうしても削減できない排出量は、例えば植林により光合成に使われる
大気中の二酸化炭素の吸収量を増やすことなどで減らします。
需要の電化×電源の低炭素化
日本は2021 年の国連会議（COP26）で「2030年に温室効果ガスの排出
量を（2013 年度比の）46% 削減」という独自の目標を宣言しています。
これほどの大幅な削減を実現するためには、「需要の電化（電気以外を
エネルギー源としている機器を、電気で稼働するものに変える ...
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