March 2023
Intermediate
240 pages
7h 3m
Japanese
Content preview from 図解まるわかり 電池のしくみ
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202
太陽電池を分類する
シリコン系、化合物系、有機系
6-2
寿命が長く、信頼できる電池
太陽電池を、主に構成する半導体（6-3）の材料で分類すると、図6-3
のように大きくシリコン系、化合物系、有機系に分けられます。
シリコン結晶系は寿命が長く、信頼性の高い電池です。単結晶太陽電池
は、交換効率が高いのですが、高純度のシリコンが大量に必要なので、コ
ストが高くなります。多結晶太陽電池は、変換効率も単結晶ほど高くはな
いのですが、コストが低くなるので、住宅用として最も普及しています
（図6-4）。
薄膜系は変換効率は低いのですが、コストがさらに低く、軽量で熱に強
く、フレキシブル化が可能で、これまで設置できなかった箇所にも対応で
きます。アモルファスとは、結晶化していないシリコンで、発電効率も低
いのですが、単結晶シリコンとアモルファスを何層にも重ねた、多接合型
のHIT 太陽電池の発電効率が高く、実用化されています。
複数の材料を組み合わせたり、有機物を用いたりする電池
化合物系とは、複数の材料を用いたものです。主なものにガリウムとヒ
素のGaAs太陽電池、カドミウムとテルルのCdTe 太陽電池、銅、インジウ
ム、セレンのCIS太陽電池、CISを構成するインジウムの一部を、ガリウ
ムで構成したCIGS電池があります。これらはレアメタルや有害物質の含
有、交換効率の問題などで、実用化には至っていません。しかし材料の組
み合わせは数多く考えられるので、今後の研究開発に期待できます。
有機系とは、無機物の材料を使用するシリコン系や化合物系と異なり ...
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