March 2023
Intermediate
240 pages
7h 3m
Japanese
Content preview from 図解まるわかり 電池のしくみ
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42
マンガン乾電池、塩化亜鉛、減極剤
2-3
電池が普及するきっかけ
となった乾電池
元祖乾電池といえばマンガン乾電池
かつて最も広く普及していたマンガン乾電池は、ルクランシェ電池を改
良したもの（1-11）です。国内初のマンガン乾電池を開発した屋井先蔵
の死後、1931 年に他社でも本格的な生産が始まり、改良が進みました。
2008 年 3 月に国内生産が終了し、現在流通しているものは海外製品です。
使用される金属をいろいろと工夫
マンガン乾電池では、合成のりで電解質をペースト状にしてセパレータ
に染み込ませています。これにより電解質の液漏れ解消が画期的に実現し
ました。マンガン乾電池はルクランシェ電池と同様に、負極および負極活
物質に亜鉛、正極活物質に二酸化マンガン、集電体に炭素棒を用いていま
す（図2-7）。電解質には、初期の頃は同じ塩化アンモニウム溶液、後に
塩化亜鉛溶液を用いるようになりました。
負極では下部の式のように、亜鉛が塩化亜鉛溶液に溶けて電子を放出
し、酸化反応を起こしてZnCl
2
・4Zn（OH）
2
が沈殿します（図 2-8）。そのた
め水溶液中の亜鉛イオンの濃度上昇による化学反応の停止が防がれ、電解
質の塩化亜鉛溶液も吸収されて液漏れ防止となります。また負極の亜鉛は
缶状になって電池の容器の役割もしていて、水素発生を防ぐためにかつて
の水銀（1-10）の代わりにインソジウムが添加されています。さらに亜
鉛缶には液漏れ防止のために、外から金属ジャケットで保護されています。
電池内部の正極では、電気がよく通るように炭素粉末が添加され、以下 ...
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I'm always learning. So when I got on to O'Reilly, I was like a kid in a candy store. There are playlists. There are answers. There's on-demand training. It's worth its weight in gold, in terms of what it allows me to do.