March 2023
Intermediate
240 pages
7h 3m
Japanese
Content preview from 図解まるわかり 電池のしくみ
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186
溶融炭酸塩形燃料電池、溶融炭酸塩、二酸化炭素
大規模発電に適している
燃料電池
5-7
白金触媒が不要で、燃料の制限なし
リン酸形燃料電池の白金触媒はコストが高くなるという課題がありま
す。そこで運転温度が600 〜700 度の高温で反応効率がよく、アニオン交
換型のため白金触媒が不要な溶融炭酸塩形燃料電池（MCFC）の登場で
す。コストが安くなり、一酸化炭素による被毒作用（5-6）がないので燃
料に制限がなく、天然ガスや石炭ガス、廃棄物ガスや下水汚泥からの消化
ガスも燃料に活用できます。
排熱の利用も可能ですが、高温のため電解質が金属を腐食するので材質
はステンレスやニッケルなどに制限されます（図5-16）。一方で改質装置
が必要ないので簡素化でき、大規模発電に適したシステムとして期待でき
ます。
炭酸イオンが電解質を移動
電解質に用いる、炭酸リチウムや炭酸ナトリウムなどの溶融炭酸塩は、
室温では固体ですが、高温で液体になり、高いイオン伝導率となります。
燃料には一酸化炭素も使えますが、今回は燃料に水素を用いた電池の化
学反応を説明します。ここで注意したいのが、空気極には酸素の他に二酸
化炭素を供給する必要があることです（図5-17）。
電解質中には、炭酸塩が溶融して、炭酸イオンがあります。燃料極に水
素を供給すると、電解質中の炭酸イオンと反応して水と二酸化炭素を生成
し、電子を放出します。
燃料極から放出された電子は導線を通って、空気極に移動します。移動
してきた電子は、空気極に供給された酸素と二酸化炭素に反応して、炭酸 ...
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I'm always learning. So when I got on to O'Reilly, I was like a kid in a candy store. There are playlists. There are answers. There's on-demand training. It's worth its weight in gold, in terms of what it allows me to do.