March 2023
Intermediate
240 pages
7h 3m
Japanese
Content preview from 図解まるわかり 電池のしくみ
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62
フッ化黒鉛リチウム電池、自動車の装備品、炭素
高い耐熱性と10年以上の
長期使用が可能な電池
2-13
非常に耐熱性がある電池
二酸化マンガンリチウム電池よりも少し早い1976 年に発売されたのが、
フッ化黒鉛リチウム電池です。両者はサイズが同じであれば、ほぼ交換性
があり、公称電圧3V、放電末期まで一定電圧、コイン形と円筒形があり、
円筒形の構造もインサイドアウト型とスパイラル型と同じです。
比較的使用できる温度が幅広いリチウム一次電池の中でも、フッ化黒鉛
リチウム電池は耐熱性が高いところが異なります。一般的なリチウム一次
電池の使用範囲が零下40 度〜 60度であるのに対し、高温125度まで使用
できるものがあります（図2-28）。このような耐高温電池は、自動車の装
備品などに使用されています。
10年間使い続けても、ほとんど劣化なし
フッ化黒鉛リチウム電池の構造は、負極活物質にリチウム、正極活物質
にフッ化黒鉛、電解質に四フッ化ホウ酸リチウムを含む有機溶媒が用いら
れます（図2-29）。
負極はリチウムの酸化反応です。正極では、フッ化黒鉛がフッ化リチウ
ムとなり、炭素が発生します。
負極：Li→Li
＋
+e
正極：Li
＋
+e
+（CF）
n
→（CF）
n
1
+LiF+C
炭素には電導性があるため、放電を続けても電圧が最後まで安定すると
いう特性があります。しかもフッ化黒鉛リチウム電池は自己放電も小さい
ので、電圧が安定したまま10 年間経過してもほとんど劣化しません。そ
のためICメモリーのバックアップ電源、 ...
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