March 2023
Intermediate
240 pages
7h 3m
Japanese
Content preview from 図解まるわかり 電池のしくみ
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64
塩化チオニルリチウム電池、塩化リチウム、被膜
2-14
国産No.1！ 高電圧・高寿命
の電池
国産電池の中で最高のエネルギー密度
国内生産の電池の中で1 番のエネルギー密度を持つ電池といえば、塩化
チオニルリチウム電池です。放電末期までほぼ公称電圧3.6Vを保ちます
（図2-30）。自己放電も極めて少なく、放電・貯蔵による電圧低下もほと
んどなく、10 年以上の使用も可能で、零下 55 〜 85 度まで幅広い使用温度
となります。コイン形・円筒形、平形があり、ICメモリーやエレクトロ
ニクス機器のバックアップ用、火災報知器、電力やガス、水道のメーター
の中に組み込まれています。また高い信頼性が必要な、医療やレジ、宇
宙、航空、海洋などの特殊電源などにも使われています。
液体の正極活物質が電解質を兼ねる
塩化チオニルリチウム電池の構造は、負極活物質にリチウム、正極活物
質に常温で液体の塩化チオニル（SOCl
2
）です（図 2-31）。これが電解質
を兼ねていて、四フッ化ホウ酸リチウムを溶解させて電解質溶液として使
用し、有機溶剤を使っていません。また塩化チオニルは空気中で分解しや
すいので、完全密閉構造になっています。
負極は、リチウムの酸化反応です。正極では、塩化チオニルとリチウム
から、塩化リチウム、硫黄、二酸化硫黄が生じる反応です。
負極：Li→Li
＋
+e
正極：2SOCl
2
+4Li
＋
+4e
→4LiCl+S+SO
2
電解質に含まれる塩化チオニルと、負極のリチウムとが接触面でショー ...
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