March 2023
Intermediate
240 pages
7h 3m
Japanese
Content preview from 図解まるわかり 電池のしくみ
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72
オキシライド乾電池、高性能アルカリ乾電池
2-18
大容量で一定電圧を
キープする電池
アルカリ乾電池から置き換わる？
オキシライド乾電池は、2004 年当時のアルカリ乾電池よりも大容量が
得られる電池として登場しました（図2-38）。特に大電流のデジタルカメ
ラのフラッシュ撮影では、撮影枚数は2 倍になり、放電終了まで緩やかに
一定電圧を維持しました（図 2-39）。発売当時はアルカリ乾電池の市場
90%がオキシライド乾電池に置き換わるといわれていました。
その構造は、負極活物質は亜鉛、正極活物質はオキシ水素化ニッケルと
二酸化マンガン、黒鉛の混合物、電解質は水酸化カリウムです。負極では
亜鉛の酸化反応が起こります。正極はニッケルの+3 価から +2価へ、マン
ガンの+4 価から+3 価への還元反応が起こっています。
負極：Zn+2OH
→ZnO+H
2
O+2e
正極：NiOOH+H
2
O+e
→Ni（OH）
2
+OH
MnO
2
+H
2
O+e
→MnOOH
交換性に問題
オキシライド乾電池の問題は、ニッケル乾電池と同様、初期電圧が
1.7Vと高いことにありました。このため機器の発熱や寿命の劣化などを
引き起こし、使用禁止となる機器が現れました。
また低電流での持続時間は、アルカリ乾電池の方が長く、用途がデジカ
メ、ミニ四駆に限定されてしまいました。さらにデジカメの消費電力が下
がってしまい、ミニ四駆の一部の大会では、オキシライド乾電池が禁止に
なるなど、活躍の場が少なくなっていきました ...
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