March 2023
Intermediate
240 pages
7h 3m
Japanese
Content preview from 図解まるわかり 電池のしくみ
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176
燃料極、空気極、カチオン交換型
5-2
水を電気で分解する
水を電気で分解する準備
水はあまり電気を通さないので、水の電気分解ではあらかじめ水酸化ナ
トリウムなどの電解質を溶かしておきます。水の電気分解の反応は、次の
ようになります。
正極から電子が引き抜かれて（酸化）、水素イオンと酸素に分解されま
す。水素イオンは負極に引き寄せられ、電子が押し込められ（還元）、水
素になります（図5-4）。そして、反応全体では水が水素と酸素に分解す
ることがわかります。
水素イオンが電解質を移動
次にこの状態で電源の代わりに豆電球をつなぎます。このとき水素と酸
素の間に触媒を作用させると、これまでと逆の反応が起こり、電流が流れ
ます。触媒には、酸性の電解質に対して耐食性のある白金（プラチナ）を
用います。燃料電池の放電反応は、次のようになります。
負極では、水素から電子が放出され（酸化）、水素イオンとなります。
水素イオンは、電解質中を移動し、正極の酸素と導線を移動してきた電子
と反応して（還元）、水となります。水素イオンが電解質中を移動する燃
料電池をカチオン交換型と呼び、反応全体は図5-5 のようになります。
燃料電池とは、水素イオンと電子の流れから電気を取り出したものであ
り、すべての燃料電池が放電時に、同じ反応を起こします。
また、燃料電池では、負極を燃料極、正極を空気（酸素）極と呼び、電
解質を燃料極と空気極ではさんだ構造で、燃料極に水素、空気極に酸素を
送り込むと、水が生成して、電気が流れます。
酸素は空気中の酸素を利用しますが、水素を供給する方法が、燃料電池 ...
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I'm always learning. So when I got on to O'Reilly, I was like a kid in a candy store. There are playlists. There are answers. There's on-demand training. It's worth its weight in gold, in terms of what it allows me to do.