March 2023
Intermediate
240 pages
7h 3m
Japanese
Content preview from 図解まるわかり 電池のしくみ
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132
黒鉛、層状構造、インターカレーション反応
4-2
世界初のリチウムイオン
電池誕生
リチウムイオンを出し入れする黒鉛
負極活物質にリチウムイオンを吸蔵する材料として、最終的に選ばれた
のが炭素材料の黒鉛（グラファイト）でした。これはリチウムイオン電池
の成功要因として挙げられており、1981 年に日本で発表されました。
黒鉛とは、炭素からなる元素鉱物の一種で、炭素原子が六角形に規則正
しく並んだ、板状の結晶体が積み重なった層状構造です（図 4-3）。その
層内の板状の面と面の間は弱い結合のため、ここにリチウムイオンが入っ
たり（吸蔵したり）、放出したりできます。また黒鉛の基本的な結晶構造
には変化はありません。このように結晶を構成する格子のすき間に、原子
やイオンを吸蔵・離脱することをインターカレーション（型）反応といい
ます。
黒鉛にリチウムイオンを吸蔵させると、原理的には、次のように炭素原
子6 個の六角形格子に、リチウムイオン1 個がインターカレーション反応
します。
6C+Li
＋
+e
→LiC
6
リチウムイオン電池の負極活物質に黒鉛を用いた場合、リチウムが吸蔵
されたときが、充電が完了した状態となります。
世界初のリチウムイオン電池の誕生
正極活物質に、現在最も用いられているコバルト酸リチウムはリチウム
だけをインターカレーション反応でき、1980 年にジョン・バニスタ・グ
ッドイナフ（英）と水島公一（日）が発見しました。負極活物質に黒鉛、
正極にコバルト酸リチウムのコバルト酸リチウム電池
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I'm always learning. So when I got on to O'Reilly, I was like a kid in a candy store. There are playlists. There are answers. There's on-demand training. It's worth its weight in gold, in terms of what it allows me to do.