March 2023
Intermediate
240 pages
7h 3m
Japanese
Content preview from 図解まるわかり 電池のしくみ
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108
MH、リフレッシュ機能、充電保管
水素を使った二次電池のしくみ
3-14
カドミウムを水素吸蔵合金で代用
ニッケル水素電池の反応構造は、放電時の負極では水素吸蔵合金が水素
を放出して、酸化反応により水ができます（図3-27）。充電時にはその逆
の反応が起こります。水素吸蔵合金の化学式は、MHと表します。正極で
は他のアルカリ系二次電池と同様に、放電時にはオキシ水酸化ニッケルが
水酸化ニッケルに還元され、充電時には逆の反応が起こるため、反応全体
は次のようになります。
負極：MH+OH
扌M+H
2
O+e
正極：NiOOH+H
2
O+e-扌Ni（OH）
2
+OH
反応全体:MH+NiOOH扌M+Ni（OH）
2
ニカド電池とよく似た構造
電池の構造は、ニカド電池とほぼ同じスパイラルの密閉型の構造です。
過充電対策として、やはりニカド電池と同様に、負極に正極よりも活物
質の量を多く導入して、負極からの水素ガスを抑制します。水素ガスが発
生した場合に備えて、排出できる弁も取り付けられています（3-8）。
注意したい水素吸蔵合金の性質
ニカド電池によく似た構造を持つニッケル水素電池ですが、注意したい
のは充放電です。メモリー効果も起こりますが、ニカド電池ほどではあり
ません（3-9）。充電する前に放電させる、リフレッシュ機能がついた充
電器であれば心配ありません（図3-28）。問題なのは、水素を蓄えない状
態で水素吸蔵合金を放置すると、水素を蓄える機能が低下してしまい、電
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