March 2023
Intermediate
240 pages
7h 3m
Japanese
Content preview from 図解まるわかり 電池のしくみ
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206
一番普及している太陽電池
6-4
空乏層、反射防止膜、アルミニウム電極
半導体を2つ重ねると電池に？
n型半導体とp型半導体を重ねて接合させると、光を当てるだけで電流
が流れます。まず光を当てる前に、この2 つの半導体を接合します。
接合部分では、n 型側の負電荷の電子とp 型側の正電荷の正孔が互いに引
き合い、電気的に中和結合して消滅し、電荷の存在しない領域（空
くう ぼう そう
乏層）
が形成されます。
そしてn型半導体、結合部分の空乏層、p型半導体は、それぞれがエネ
ルギー的にバランスの取れた状態で安定しています（図6-8）。
光を当てることで電気が生まれる
次に結合部分の空乏層に光を当てると、消滅していた空乏層の電子と正
孔が再び現れます。そして負電荷の電子はn型半導体へ、正電荷の正孔は
p型半導体へと移動します。するとこれまでエネルギー的にバランスが取
れた状態から、電子を外へ押し出す力が生じます。これが起電力になり、
外部回路につなぐとn型半導体が負極、p型半導体が正極になり、回路に
電流が流れます（図 6-9）。これらの現象が光起電力効果（6-1）となり
ます。
光が当たっている間は、電子と正孔が次々と出現し続けるので、電気を
作り続けます。これがシリコン系太陽電池の原理となります。
太陽電池の工夫
シリコン系太陽電池は、表側にn 型半導体と裏側にp 型半導体を重ねた
構造になります。シリコンは光を照射すると約30 ％以上が反射されてし
まうので、より光を吸収させるために、太陽光が当たる部分の半導体に ...
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I'm always learning. So when I got on to O'Reilly, I was like a kid in a candy store. There are playlists. There are answers. There's on-demand training. It's worth its weight in gold, in terms of what it allows me to do.