March 2023
Intermediate
240 pages
7h 3m
Japanese
Content preview from 図解まるわかり 電池のしくみ
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104
デンドライト、樹状結晶、イオン伝導性フィルム
充放電の繰り返しが
引き起こす不具合
3-12
デンドライトという課題
ニッケル亜鉛電池には、サイクル寿命が短いという課題があります。こ
の原因は、負極活物質の亜鉛の一部が、放電時に亜鉛酸イオンとして電解
質に溶け出し、充電時に亜鉛に戻って析出する際に、デンドライトと呼ば
れる樹状結晶を生成することにあります（図3-23）。
この結晶は、充放電を繰り返すにつれて成長し続け、セパレータを突き
抜けて正極に到達すると、電池がショートサーキット（2-1）を引き起こ
し、発火や爆発を引き起こす原因になることがあります。
新技術を使ったセパレータ
近年、ニッケル亜鉛電池の実用化に向けて、デンドライトのショートサ
ーキットを防ぐための取り組みが活発に行われています。
その1 つの例として、セパレータをイオン伝導性フィルムやセラミック
スにすることで、水酸化物イオンを透過させながら、亜鉛酸イオンや亜鉛
のデンドライトをブロックする事例が報告されています（図3-24）。これ
らは実用化に向けて開発が進められています。その他電解法による亜鉛箔
の合金化の最新技術を施した負極を用いたところ、デンドライトの生成が
確認できなかったという事例が報告されています。
歴史に埋もれた電池への期待
デンドライトが発生する金属電極は、亜鉛以外にも鉄、マンガン、アル
ミニウム、ナトリウムなど非常に数多くあり、それらは長く歴史の中に埋
もれてきました。
新規技術によりデンドライトの課題が解決され、ニッケル亜鉛電池も含 ...
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I'm always learning. So when I got on to O'Reilly, I was like a kid in a candy store. There are playlists. There are answers. There's on-demand training. It's worth its weight in gold, in terms of what it allows me to do.