March 2023
Intermediate
240 pages
7h 3m
Japanese
Content preview from 図解まるわかり 電池のしくみ
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192
メタノール、直接メタノール形燃料電池、クロスオーバー現象
小型軽量化が期待できる
燃料電池
5-10
水素の代わりにメタノール
燃料電池で用いる燃料の水素は、単体では自然界に存在しないので、天
然ガスなどから大型装置で製造する必要があります。また水素の貯蔵や運
搬の取り扱いが難しく、間違えると大事故につながります。
そこで固体高分子形燃料電池の水素をメタノールに置き換えたのが、直
接（ダイレクト）メタノール形燃料電池（DMFC）です（図 5-22）。メ
タノールは安価で、比較的取り扱いやすく、改質器も必要ないので、シス
テムが簡単で小型軽量化が容易になります。運転温度は室温から80 度ぐ
らいで、静音・低振動などの利点があります。
二酸化炭素と水が生成
燃料極にメタノールを供給すると、水と反応して電子を放出し、水素イ
オンと二酸化炭素が生成されます。
燃料極から放出された電子は導線を通って、空気極に移動します。水素
イオンは電解質を移動し、空気極で酸素と電子に反応し水を生成します。
両極の反応を合わせると、反応全体は図5-23 のようになります。
水素イオンが電解質中を移動して、二酸化炭素と水を生成するという、
他の燃料電池とは異なる反応を示します。
進む研究開発
2000 年代後半に国内でモバイル用の小型電池が商品化されました。し
かし純度の高いメタノールが電解質の固体ポリマーを通り抜けるクロスオ
ーバー現象により、電圧が低下するという問題がありました。しかしその
後も開発が進み、非常用やアウトドア用の電源などが商品化されていま ...
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I'm always learning. So when I got on to O'Reilly, I was like a kid in a candy store. There are playlists. There are answers. There's on-demand training. It's worth its weight in gold, in terms of what it allows me to do.