March 2023
Intermediate
240 pages
7h 3m
Japanese
Content preview from 図解まるわかり 電池のしくみ
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170
4-21
リチウムイオンキャパシタ
2つの電池をハイブリッドした
リチウム系電池
物理電池と化学電池のかけ合わせ
電気二重層キャパシタ（6-8）とリチウムイオン電池（4-2）をかけ合
わせたような原理で充放電を行うのが、リチウムイオンキャパシタ（LIC）
です。
リチウムイオンキャパシタの負極活物質は、リチウムイオンをインターカ
レーション反応できる黒鉛を用います。正極活物質には、電気二重層キャ
パシタと同様に、多孔質の活性炭素などを、電解質は有機溶媒を用います。
インターカレーションと電気二重層
リチウムイオンキャパシタの負極ではリチウムイオンのインターカレー
ション反応が、正極では電気二重層の形成が行われます（6-9）。
充電時の負極では、電解質中のリチウムイオンが黒鉛に吸蔵されます
（図 4-42）。このとき電解質中の陰イオンは正極へ移動します。正極では、
誘電分極により正電荷の正孔と、負極から移動してきた陰イオンが引き寄
せられて、電気二重層が形成され、キャパシタが充電した状態になります。
放電時の負極では、リチウムイオンが黒鉛から放出され、電解質中に拡
散します（図4-43）。正極では、負極から電子が流れて来て、正孔がなく
なり、陰イオンが界面を離れて、電解質中に拡散します。これがキャパシ
タの放電した状態となります。
従来の電池より性能アップ
リチウムイオンキャパシタでは、電気二重層キャパシタと比べて、エネ
ルギー密度が高く、高温での耐久性も大きくなりました。またリチウムイ
オン電池のような熱による膨張・爆発もなく、電極の劣化や自己放電も少 ...
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