March 2023
Intermediate
240 pages
7h 3m
Japanese
Content preview from 図解まるわかり 電池のしくみ
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220
再生可能エネルギーの
電力貯蔵と二次電池
化石燃料、安定供給、電力貯蔵
7-1
日本のエネルギー事情
日本のエネルギーは石油、石炭、LNG（天然ガス）といった化石燃料に
大きく依存し、国内にこれらのエネルギー資源がとぼしいため、ほとんど
が海外からの輸入です。日本の化石燃料への依存度は、1970年代のオイ
ルショックで少し下がりましたが、特に2011 年東日本大震災以降は再び
増加し、2019年度は84.8 ％となっています（図 7-1）。海外にエネルギー
資源を依存していると、2022 年のロシアによるウクライナ侵攻など国際
情勢の影響によって安定供給が難しくなります。
エネルギーの安定供給
そこで注目されているのが、輸入に依存する化石燃料とは異なり、国内
に降り注ぐ太陽や吹く風を利用して発電できる再生可能エネルギーです。
しかし再生可能エネルギーは季節や天候だけでなく1 日の時間帯によっ
ても発電量が大きく変動するため、これだけで電力需要はまかなえませ
ん。一方の電力需要も昼間と夜間の需要の変動が大きく、さらに盛夏に最
大需要、その他の時期は減少するという傾向で変動します。そこでエネル
ギーの安定供給のために、再生可能エネルギーだけでなく、火力発電や水
力発電などの発電量が調整できる電源を組み合わせています。
電力貯蔵のための二次電池
二次電池をうまく活用すると、電力需要の少ない日には、余った電力
（余剰電力）をためておいて（電力貯蔵）、需要が大きいときや災害時に使
うことができます。小規模なものにはリチウムイオン電池 ...
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I'm always learning. So when I got on to O'Reilly, I was like a kid in a candy store. There are playlists. There are answers. There's on-demand training. It's worth its weight in gold, in terms of what it allows me to do.