March 2023
Intermediate
240 pages
7h 3m
Japanese
Content preview from 図解まるわかり 電池のしくみ
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102
アルカリ系二次電池、ニッケル亜鉛電池、サイクル寿命
再び注目したい二次電池
3-11
歴史に埋もれた二次電池
ニカド電池（3-7）やニッケル鉄電池（3-10）のようにアルカリ性の
電解質にニッケルを用いた二次電池を、アルカリ系二次電池（ニッケル系
アルカリ蓄電池、アルカリ蓄電池）と呼びます。アルカリ系二次電池は多
くの種類の組み合わせが研究されてきた歴史があり、その1 つにニッケル
亜鉛電池があります（図3-21）。この電池は、19世紀末から20 世紀にか
けて、すでに基本的な組み合わせが発明されており、1901年にエジソン
が特許を取得しました。
カドミウムを亜鉛で代用
ニッケル亜鉛電池の反応の構造は、負極活物質に亜鉛、正極活物質にオ
キシ水酸化ニッケル、電解質に水酸化カリウムを用います（図3-22）。
放電時、負極では亜鉛が酸化されて水酸化亜鉛になり、正極ではオキシ
水酸化ニッケルが水酸化ニッケルに還元されます。充電時には逆の反応が
起こりますから、両極の電池反応と電池反応全体は次のようになります。
負極：Zn+2OH
扌Zn（OH）
2
+2e
正極：NiOOH+H
2
O+e
扌Ni（OH）
2
+OH
反応全体：Zn+2NiOOH+2H
2
O扌Zn（OH）
2
+2Ni（OH）
2
ニッケル亜鉛電池は、有毒なカドミウムではなく、安価で手に入りやす
い亜鉛を使用しています。公称電圧も1.6Vとアルカリ系二次電池の中で
も高く、エネルギー密度が高いという利点があります。また ...
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