March 2023
Intermediate
240 pages
7h 3m
Japanese
Content preview from 図解まるわかり 電池のしくみ
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162
リチウム空気二次電池、金属空気電池、触媒
4-17
期待が高まる最高のエネルギー
密度を誇るリチウム二次電池
金属空気電池の原理を応用
デンドライト事故以降も、研究開発中が続く金属リチウムを用いた二次
電池の中で、有力なものとしてリチウム空気二次電池があります。空気中
の酸素を正極活物質に用いる金属空気電池には、一次電池の空気亜鉛電池
が実用化されています（2-10）。そこで金属リチウムを用いて、充電可
能な空気電池を目指しているのが、リチウム空気二次電池です。
最高のエネルギー密度
リチウム空気電池は、負極活物質に金属リチウム、正極集電体に炭素微粒
子などの多孔質炭素材料、正極活物質は空気中の酸素となります。放電時に
は、負極から溶け出したリチウムイオンが、正極で酸素と反応して過酸化リ
チウムを生成します（図4-34）。充電時には逆の反応となります（図4-35）。
負極：Li扌Li
＋
+e
正極：2Li
＋
+2e
+O
2
扌Li
2
O
2
反応全体：2Li+O
2
扌Li
2
O
2
円滑には進まない電池反応
リチウム空気電池が実現したら、負極活物質にイオン化傾向最大の金属
リチウム、正極活物質が空気なので、最高のエネルギー密度を誇る電池に
なると考えられます。しかもコバルトなどの効果な金属を使用しないので
製造コストも安くなります。
しかし現状は、サイクル寿命が短く、充放電の効率が悪いという指摘が
あり、リチウムと酸素の電池反応の触媒の開発などが進められています。
他にも負極活物質に亜鉛やアルミニウム、マグネシウムを用いた空気二次 ...
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