March 2023
Intermediate
240 pages
7h 3m
Japanese
Content preview from 図解まるわかり 電池のしくみ
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194
バイオ燃料電池、酵素
微生物の酵素を使って
電気を作る
5-11
微生物の酵素を利用
バイオ燃料電池とは、生命がエネルギーを生み出すしくみを応用した電
池であり、具体的には、微生物または酵素を利用した電池です。
バイオ燃料電池では、白金触媒など高価な材料の必要がなく、室温での
運転が可能です。酵素は安価で、無限に存在し、しかも金属のように環境
を汚すこともありません。また酵素を使ったバイオ燃料電池は、生体親和
性が高いので、体内で使用する場合など、金属を用いた燃料電池よりも、
安全であると考えられます。最近では、酵素を使ったウェアラブルデバイ
ス用の電池の研究開発が進んでいます（図5-24）。
ごはんを食べるように、発電する？
人間は口に入った食べ物を、さまざまな消化酵素で分解して、生物活動
に必要なエネルギーを取り出します。食べ物とは、炭水化物や脂質、たん
ぱく質などで、これらは炭素がたくさんつながったものとなり電子を介し
て結合しています。バイオ燃料電池では、この炭素間の結合を切るとき
に、電子を取り出すことによって、発電しています。
2種類の酵素を活用
図5-25 に燃料にブドウ糖を用いた電池の反応のしくみを示します。
燃料極の表面には消化酵素を塗ります。空気極の表面には消化酵素とは
反対の、分子を合成する還元酵素を塗ります。
燃料極にブドウ糖を供給すると、消化酵素と反応して電子を放出し、水
素イオンとグルコノラクトンを生成します。放出された電子は導線を通っ
て、空気極へ移動します。水素イオンは、隔膜を通過して、空気極で還元 ...
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