March 2023
Intermediate
240 pages
7h 3m
Japanese
Content preview from 図解まるわかり 電池のしくみ
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144
マン ガン 酸リチウムイオン 電 池 、マンガン 酸リチウム 、スピ ネル 型
脱コバルトの
リチウムイオン電池
4-8
コバルトフリーで安価が魅力
マンガン酸リチウムイオン電池（LMO）とは、負極活物質に黒鉛、正
極活物質にマンガン酸リチウム（LiMn
2
O
4
）を用いた電池です。
コバルト酸リチウムは優れた材料ですが、コバルトには問題がいくつか
あるので（4-5）、脱コバルトのリチウムイオン電池の開発が進められて
きました。開発されたマンガン酸リチウムイオン電池は、コバルト酸リチ
ウムイオン電池には劣るものの、高電圧、高容量です。さらに正極活物質
がコバルトフリーで、主な原材料のマンガンが安価で、環境にもやさし
く、製造も安易であるという利点があります（図4-15）。しかしコバルト
酸リチウムイオン電池と比べると、エネルギー密度やサイクル寿命が劣る
という欠点もあります。電池反応は次のようになります。
負極：Li
x
C
6
扌6C+
x
Li
＋
+
x
e
正極：Li
1
-
x
Mn
2
O
4
+
x
Li
＋
+
x
e
扌LiMn
2
O
4
反応全体：Li
x
C
6
+Li
1
-
x
Mn
2
O
4
扌6C+LiMn
2
O
4
変形しにくいスピネル型結晶構造
正極活物質に用いたマンガン酸リチウムの大きな特色は、結晶構造が強
固なスピネル型であるため熱的安定性が高いことです（図4-16）。
例えばコバルト酸リチウムの結晶では、変形しやすい層状岩塩構造のた
め（4-5）、リチウムイオンがインターカレーション反応を繰り返すと、
充放電ができなくなってしまいます。 ...
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