March 2023
Intermediate
240 pages
7h 3m
Japanese
Content preview from 図解まるわかり 電池のしくみ
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68
2-16
硫化鉄リチウム電池、酸化銅リチウム電池、二硫化鉄
乾電池よりも長持ちする電池
市販されている唯一の1.5Vリチウム一次電池
ほとんどのリチウム一次電池の公称電圧が3V以上であるのに対し、既
存の1.5Vの電池の代替品として、さまざまな正極活物質を用いた研究が
行われました（図2-34）。本節では、製造販売されている硫化鉄リチウム
電池と一時期市販された酸化銅リチウム電池を解説します。
高容量で長期保存に優れた1.5Vのリチウム電池を求めて研究開発に成
功したのが、硫化鉄リチウム電池です。硫化鉄リチウム電池の構造の特徴
は、正極活物質に二硫化鉄をゼラチンで被覆したものが用いられていま
す。電解質はリチウム塩を溶解させた有機溶媒です。アルカリ乾電池の約
7 倍長持ちし、3 分の2 の重量で、零下40 度から60 度と広い温度範囲で
使えます（図2-35）。温度21度、湿度50%で使用すると15 年間の保存が
可能です。
以下は、両極の化学反応です。負極はリチウムの酸化反応、正極は二硫
化鉄の還元反応となります。
負極：Li→Li
＋
+e
正極：FeS
2
+4Li
＋
+4e
→Fe+2Li
2
S
一時期発売されていた1.5Vリチウム一次電池
銀の価格高騰により酸化銀電池の代替品として開発されたのが、酸化銅
リチウム電池です。正極活物質に酸化銅、電解質はリチウム塩を溶解させ
た有機溶媒を用いていました。電気容量は酸化銀電池と同等、または10%
程度大きく、保持特性も上回っていました。しかし低温での短期間・瞬間 ...
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