March 2023
Intermediate
240 pages
7h 3m
Japanese
Content preview from 図解まるわかり 電池のしくみ
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122
3-21
ゼブラ電池、塩化ニッケル、塩化アルミニウムナトリウム
広く普及しなかった二次電池
融解して電解質に変身
ゼブラ電池（ニッケル・ナトリウム塩化物二次電池）は、1985 年にコ
ーツナー（南アフリカ）によって発明されました。この電池は、NAS電池
と同様に溶融塩二次電池の一種で（3-16）、公称電圧は2.4 から2.7Vで、
エネルギー密度は高く、潜水艦や電気自動車で使われたことがあります。
長期保存可能で、腐食が起こりにくく、サイクル寿命も長いのですが、高
温で作動させるためコストが高いという課題が残っています。
ゼブラ電池は、負極活物質にナトリウム（融点：約98度）、正極活物質
に塩化ニッケル（融点：1001 度）、正極電解質に固体の塩化アルミニウム
ナトリウム（融点：約160 度）、電解質にβアルミナを溶融塩として用い
ています。NAS電池と同様に約300 度で運転するので、固体の塩化アルミ
ニウムナトリウムはこの温度では、融解して液体となり、電解質として働
きます。固体電解質のβアルミナは、セパレータとして働きます（図
3-41）。
金属イオンの移動をサポート
ゼブラ電池は、放電時に負極活物質のナトリウムが電子を放出し、酸化
反応によりナトリウムイオンとなり、固体電解質のβアルミナを通過しま
す（図 3-42）。このとき正極電解質の塩化アルミニウムナトリウムが、正
極側に通過してきたナトリウムイオンの移動を助けます。こうして正極活
物質の塩化ニッケルは、ナトリウムイオンと電子を受け入れ、還元反応に ...
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