March 2023
Intermediate
240 pages
7h 3m
Japanese
Content preview from 図解まるわかり 電池のしくみ
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208
次世代の有力な太陽電池
色素増感太陽電池、ペロブスカイト太陽電池、ペロブスカイト
6-5
日本で発見された新しい太陽電池
現在、太陽電池の圧倒的な主流であるシリコン系は、厚みも重量も大き
く、折り曲げることができません。またシリコンの価格が高く、製造工程
での消費電力も高いという欠点があります。
そこで次世代の太陽電池として、世界中から注目されているのが、2009
年宮坂力（日本）が発見した、色素増感太陽電池の一種であるペロブスカ
イト太陽電池です。すでにシリコン系に匹敵する高い交換効率を示し、シ
リコンやレアメタルを使わず、塗布技術で製造できるので、非常にコスト
が安くなります。さらに薄くて、軽く、折り曲げることができるので、設
置場所を選ばないという最大の利点があります。
ペロブスカイト電池の原理
ペロブスカイト構造と呼ばれる独特の結晶構造は、さまざまな物質を合
成して作ることが可能です（図6-11）。それらを総称してペロブスカイト
と呼んでいます。
電池の原理は、負極電極側に、金属酸化物の膜の上に塗布した有機系の
ペロブスカイト（NH
3
CH
3
PbI
3
）結晶薄膜を設置して、光を当てます。する
とペロブスカイト層は光を吸収して電子を放出します。電子は外部回路を
通って、正孔が集まる有機系の正孔輸送層に受け取られます（図6-12）。
このように光が当たっている間は、外部回路に電子が流れ続け、電気を
取り出すことができます。
解決したい課題
すでにフィルム状のペロブスカイト太陽電池の開発などが進んでいま
す。しかしペロブスカイトは不安定で ...
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