Performance Evaluation: Proven Approaches for Improving Program and Organizational Performance

COMMENTS ON THE MODEL

This ROI process, like that of Kirkpatrick's model, has received wide attention, but the literature on the model consists primarily of applications and conceptual pieces by Phillips himself. In contrast, the literature about Kirkpatrick's model is balanced between research and application pieces by various authors, and that model has been used as the conceptual framework for numerous studies.

Although Phillips popularized this methodology in the training and performance improvement field, the concept of ROI and its formula variations have long been a part of the accounting and finance fields. In fact, even within training, other models for estimating training ROI have been proposed. One example is the return on training ...