20 The Init System
This chapter describes the operations that take place from kernel startup to login. The kernel starts the init system as the first process. The init system then takes care of the basic configuration of the system, the mounting of file systems, and the starting of countless network services and daemons. The same init system is also responsible for shutting down the computer properly.
In recent years, systemd has established itself as the init system. That was not always the case. Until ten years ago, the Init-V system, which originated in Unix times, was commonly used, and for some time it looked as if the Upstart system developed by Ubuntu would have a chance to prevail.
For this reason, this chapter focuses largely on systemd. ...
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