August 2012
Intermediate to advanced
624 pages
17h 11m
Polish
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8.10. Zamiana dużych liter na małe
Problem
Chcemy wyeliminować problem różnicy w wielkości liter przetwarzanego tekstu.
Rozwiązanie
Aby przekształcić wielkie litery (A-Z) w małe (a-z), należy wykorzystać polecenie tr, definiując odpowiedni zakres tłumaczonych znaków:
$ tr 'A-Z' 'a-z' <przed.txt >po.txtKonwersję małych i dużych liter w poleceniu tr można również definiować, wykorzystując specjalnie do tego przeznaczoną składnię:
$ tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]' <przed.txt >po.txtAnaliza
Choć program tr nie obsługuje wyrażeń regularnych, pozwala na definiowanie zakresów znaków. Użytkownik musi jednak zagwarantować, że obydwa parametry wyznaczają zbiór o takiej samej liczbie znaków. Jeżeli bowiem drugi zbiór jest mniej liczny, jego ostatni znak zostanie wielokrotnie ...
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O’Reilly covers everything we've got, with content to help us build a world-class technology community, upgrade the capabilities and competencies of our teams, and improve overall team performance as well as their engagement.Julian F.
I wanted to learn C and C++, but it didn't click for me until I picked up an O'Reilly book. When I went on the O’Reilly platform, I was astonished to find all the books there, plus live events and sandboxes so you could play around with the technology.Addison B.
I’ve been on the O’Reilly platform for more than eight years. I use a couple of learning platforms, but I'm on O'Reilly more than anybody else. When you're there, you start learning. I'm never disappointed.Amir M.
I'm always learning. So when I got on to O'Reilly, I was like a kid in a candy store. There are playlists. There are answers. There's on-demand training. It's worth its weight in gold, in terms of what it allows me to do.